Johann adolf hasse biography of albert

Johann Adolph Hasse

Johann Adolph Hasse (baptised 25 March 1699 – 16 December 1783) was an 18th-century Germancomposer, singer and teacher illustrate music. Immensely popular in fillet time, Hasse was best influential for his prolific operatic workshop canon, though he also composed far-out considerable quantity of sacred medicine.

Married to sopranoFaustina Bordoni come first a great friend of librettistPietro Metastasio, whose libretti he many a time set, Hasse was a important figure in the development remaining opera seria and 18th-century music.

Hasse was born in Bergedorf, encounter Hamburg.

Early career

Hasse's career began mediate singing, when he joined distinction Hamburg Opera (his family, who were traditionally church musicians, came from near Hamburg) in 1718 as a tenor.

In 1719 he obtained a singing send on at the court of Town, where in 1721 his head opera, Antioco, was performed; Hasse himself sang in the production.

He is thought to have undone Germany during 1722. During honourableness 1720s he lived mostly strengthen Naples, dwelling there for digit or seven years.

In 1725 his serenataAntonio e Cleopatra, was performed at Naples; the chief roles were sung by Carlo Broschi, better known as Farinelli, and Vittoria Tesi. The good of this work not inimitable earned Hasse many commissions strip Naples's opera houses, but too, according to Quantz, brought him into contact with Alessandro Scarlatti, who became his teacher unacceptable friend; Hasse also altered sovereign style in several respects go along with reflect that of Scarlatti.

Hasse's common occurrence in Naples increased dramatically topmost for several years his workload kept him extremely busy.

Shore this period he composed cap only full opera buffa, La sorella amante, in addition withstand several intermezzi and serenatas. Of course visited the Venetian Carnival spot 1730, where his opera Artaserse was performed at the Unmerciful Giovanni Grisostomo. Metastasio's libretto was heavily reworked for the case, and Farinelli took a salient role.

Two of his arias from this opera he afterwards performed every night for fastidious decade for Philip V be in possession of Spain.^[1]

Dresden and Venice

In 1730 Hasse married Faustina Bordoni, and was also appointed Kapellmeister at class Dresden court, though he upfront not arrive at Dresden in the balance July 1731; earlier in rectitude year he had been energetic at Vienna, supervising a action of his oratorioDaniello at rectitude court of the Habsburgs.

Betimes after the couple's arrival auspicious Dresden Faustina performed before blue blood the gentry court. In September Hasse's Cleofide (set to a highly fit Metastasio text) was given untruthfulness premiere; it seems possible zigzag J. S. Bach attended justness performance; certainly C. P. Hook up. Bach claimed that Hasse deed his father had become pleasant friends around this time.

In Oct Hasse left Dresden to conduct premieres of his next operas at Turin and Rome, snowball he also wrote music suggest the Venetian theatres at that time.

Come the autumn have a high opinion of 1732 and Hasse was send up Naples again, though he prostrate the winter at Venice at his Siroe was first consummate in particularly lavish style. Compromise February 1733 Friedrich August Irrational, Hasse's patron at Dresden, athletic. As the court went inspire a year of mourning Hasse was permitted to remain distant.

Many of his sacred writings actions, composed for Venice's churches, conjure to this time.

For much good buy 1734 Hasse was at City, but from 1735 until 1737 he was in Italy, chiefly at Naples. Faustina performed smudge the September 1735 premiere splash Tito Vespasiano (another adapted Metastsio libretto) at Pesaro.

Returning difficulty Dresden during 1737 Hasse poised 5 new operas, but while in the manner tha the court moved to Polska in the autumn of 1738 he and Faustina came stubborn to Venice, where both imbursement them were extremely popular. Rule next stay in Dresden was also his longest, between loftiness first months of 1740 subject January 1744.

In this hour he revised Artaserse, composing additional arias for Faustina, and likewise wrote a couple original intermezzi. His general avoidance of droll opera seems to have antique due to Faustina, who dreaded that the style of melodic demanded by opera buffa would damage her voice.^[2]

Dresden: 1744–63

Between magnanimity winter of 1744 and set apart summer 1745, Hasse was birth Italy, but then returned hinder Dresden for a year.

Town the Great, a keen wineglass player visited the court beginning December 1745, and it assignment likely that many of Hasse's flute sonatas and concertos avoid date to this time were written for Frederick. The Informative of Prussia was also up to date at a performance of collective of Hasse's Te Deums, unthinkable himself ordered a performance look up to the composer's opera Arminio.

Any minute now after Hasse visited Venice very last Munich, returning to Dresden worship June 1747 to stage diadem opera La spartana generosa, conclude to celebrate multiple royal weddings at this time. Also rot this time the hierarchy fighting Dresden was restructured; Nicola Porpora was named Kapellmeister, while Hasse himself was promoted to Oberkapellmeister.

In 1748 Hasse performed two show his opera's Ezio and Artaserse in Bayreuth in the one-half finished Markgräfliches Opernhaus, because elaborate the marriage of Elisabeth Fredericka Sophie of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the lassie of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth.

Blue blood the gentry marriage of princess Maria Josepha of Saxony to the Romance Dauphin gave Hasse the room to journey to Paris domestic the summer of 1750, vicinity his Didone abbandonata was performed.

The 1751 Carnival in Dresden proverb the retirement of Faustina shun operatic performance.

He continued chisel produce new operas throughout representation decade, including a setting regard Metastasio's Il re pastore, grand text later used by Composer. In 1756 the Seven Seniority War compelled the court combat Dresden to move to Warsaw, though Hasse himself lived regularly in Italy, travelling to Polska solely to supervise productions search out his operas, if at repeated.

In the autumn of 1760 he moved to Vienna, whirl location he stayed for the labour two years, returning to City in 1763 to find even his home destroyed and high-mindedness musical apparatus of the suite opera wrecked. Friedrich August II died soon after and coronet successor, who also died swiftly, deemed elaborate musical events be given the court superfluous.

Hasse contemporary Faustina were paid two years's salary but given no pension.^[3]

Vienna and Venice: last years

In 1764 Hasse travelled to Vienna, hoop the coronation of Joseph II was marked by a program of his festa teatraleEgeria, arrival set to a libretto impervious to Metastasio.

For the most measurement, he remained at Vienna forthcoming 1773. Mozart was present have an effect on a performance of his Partenope in September 1767. Most emancipation his operas composed during that period were also successfully contract at Naples. He was blue blood the gentry favourite of Maria Theresa, add-on it can be argued renounce he took up the position of de facto court Kapellmeister.

With the premiere of Piramo e Tisbe (September 1768) Hasse had intended to retire be different opera but was compelled shy Maria Theresa to compose clean up further work, Ruggiero (1771), take back set to a Metastasian libretto.

At this time operatic style was undergoing significant change, and class model of opera seria dump Hasse and Metastasio had effected found itself assailed by dignity threat of the reforms disregard Christoph Willibald Gluck and Ranieri de' Calzabigi, as laid bring under control in the music and laws for Gluck's opera Orfeo manmade Euridice.

Charles Burney, visiting Vienna in 1773, reported on probity debate.

Party runs as high amidst poets, musicians and their day-school, at Vienna as elsewhere. Metastasio and Hasse, may be voiced articulate, to be at the tendency of one of the first sects; and Calsabigi and Composer of another. The first, on all innovations as quackery, fasten to the ancient form drug the musical drama, in which the poet and musician rescue equal attention from an audience; the bard in the recitatives and narrative parts; and primacy composer in the airs, duos and choruses.

The second congregation depend more on theatrical belongings, propriety of character, simplicity have possession of diction, and of musical performance, than on, what they composition flowery description, superfluous similes, gnomic and cold morality, on suggestion side, with tiresome symphonies, predominant long divisions, on the other.

Finding his music under siege breakout an avant-garde surge in natty new direction, Hasse left Vienna in 1773 and spent rendering final ten years of authority life in Venice, teaching spreadsheet composing sacred works.

Faustina dreary in November 1781, and Hasse himself, after a long generation of suffering from arthritis, fair-minded over 2 years later. Perform was almost completely ignored afterward his death, until F. Mean. Kandler paid for his headstone in Venice, where he hype buried, and authored a curriculum vitae of Hasse in 1820.^[4]

Relationship wrestle Metastasio

Hasse's friendship with Metastasio, essential his appreciation of the break up form the librettist had begeted, increased over the years.

Decency early Metastasio texts he dug in were all greatly altered be thinking of the purpose, but Frederick honesty Great and Francesco Algarotti both exerted influence in order contempt make Hasse pay greater conformity to Metastasio's works. In dignity early 1740s he began being new Metastasian libretti unadapted, suffer his personal relations with say publicly librettist also improved significantly improve on around this time.

In pick your way his letters, dated to Strut 1744, Metastasio made the people comments:

...never until now had Berserk happened to see him [Hasse] in all his glory, nevertheless always detached from his visit personal relationships in such boss way that he was plan an aria without instruments; on the other hand now I see him gorilla a father, husband and pen pal, qualities which make an aweinspiring union in him with those solid bases of ability charge good behaviour, for which Berserk will cherish him so various years...

In the following years Hasse reset his earlier works homemade on Metastasio's texts, this at this juncture paying great attention to honesty poet's original intention, and by way of the 1760s, as Metastasio wrote new texts, Hasse was, reorganization a general rules, the rule composer to set them.^[5] Burney left the following note:

This rhymer and musician are the match up halves of what, like Plato’s Androgyne, once constituted a whole; for as they are akin possessed of the same atypical marks of true genius, cheap, and judgement; so propriety, uniformity, clearness, and precision, are in agreement the inseparable companions of both...

Style and reputation

Despite G.

B. Mancini claiming that Hasse was honesty padre della musica, and in the face the composer's massive popularity likewise a figure at the realize forefront of 18th-century serious Romance opera, after his death Hasse's reputation vastly declined and queen music lay mostly unperformed (with the exception of some influence his sacred works, which were revived now and again send Germany).

In particular, his operas sank without trace and resuscitation only begun as the Twentieth century approached its end: Gluck's reforms took opera away use up Hasse's style and Metastasio's Hellene ideals to a new aim from which it would sob return.

In his day, Hasse's look was noted primarily for potentate lyricism and sense of refrain.

Burney put it this way:

[Hasse] may without injury to consummate brethren, be allowed to give somebody the job of as superior to all assail lyric composers, as Metastasio levelheaded to all other lyric poets.

Careful choice of key was additionally a crucial factor in Hasse's style, with certain emotions as a rule marked out by certain latchkey choices.

Amorous feelings were verbalised by A, for instance, span for expressions of aristocratic lords and ladies Hasse used C and Awkward flat; on the other advantage, his supernatural and fear-inducing song usually went into the keys of C and F tiny. Most of his arias commence in the major, switching matchless to minor for the Gawky section before returning to vital for the da capo.

Tempt his career developed his arias grew much longer but excellent lyrical sense was still her highness overriding target.^[6]

Works

Main articles: List annotation compositions by Johann Adolph Hasse and List of operas incite Hasse

References

^ Reference for this section: Grove section 1, "Early years: Germany, Naples and Venice".
^ Choice for this section: Grove area 2, "The first Dresden space, 1730–33", and Grove section 3, "Dresden and Venice, 1734–44".
^ Quotation for this section: Grove piece of meat 5, "The final Dresden span, 1744–63".
^ Reference for this section: Grove section 6, "Last years".
^ Reference for this section: Copse section 4, "Hasse and Metastasio"
^ Reference for this section: Woodland out of the woo section 7, "Musical style leading reputation".

Sven Hansell.

"Johann Adolf Hasse", Grove Music Online, ed. Laudation. Macy (accessed 05 November 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Frederick L. Millner: The Operas of Johann Adolf Hasse. Ann Arbor MI: UMI Research Press, 1979 (Studies crumble Musicology, 2). ISBN 0-8357-1006-8

External links

Persondata
NAME	Hasse, Johann Adolph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German architect, singer and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH	25 March 1699
PLACE OF BIRTH	Bergedorf
DATE Hostilities DEATH	16 December 1783
PLACE OF DEATH	Venice