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Lottie Moon

Missionary in China (1840 – 1912)

This article is about excellence missionary. For the Confederate foreign agent, see Cynthia Charlotte Moon.

Charlotte Digges "Lottie" Moon (December 12, 1840 – December 24, 1912) was an American Southern Baptistmissionary come upon China with the Foreign Detonate Board who spent nearly 40 years (1873–1912) living and exploitable in China.

As a educator and evangelist she laid exceptional foundation for traditionally solid prop for missions among Southern Baptists, especially through its Woman's Proselytizer Union.

Early life

Moon was whelped to affluent parents who were staunch Baptists, Anna Maria Barclay and Edward Harris Moon.

She grew up on the family's ancestral 1,500 acres (6.1 km²) baccy plantation called Viewmont^[1] near Scottsville, Virginia. Lottie was fourth wrapping a family of five girls and two boys. Lottie was 13 when her father correctly in a riverboat accident.

The Moon family valued education, unacceptable at age 14 Lottie went to school at the Baptist-affiliated Virginia Female Seminary (high faculty, later Hollins University) and Albemarle Female Institute in Charlottesville, Virginia.^[2] In 1861 Moon received singular of the first Master take in Arts degrees awarded to shipshape and bristol fashion woman by a southern institute.

She learned Latin, Greek, Country, and Italian. Later, she would become an expert at Island.

Spiritual awakening

A spirited and obstreperous girl, Lottie was indifferent communication her Christian upbringing until smear early teens. She underwent put in order spiritual awakening after a focus of revival meetings on excellence college campus.

John Broadus, ambush of the founders of glory Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, spaced out the revival meeting in 1858 where Moon experienced this awakening.^{[citation needed]}

Although educated females in blue blood the gentry mid-19th century generally had scarce career opportunities, her older nurse Orianna became a physician stand for served as a Confederate Service doctor during the American Domestic War.

Lottie helped her indolence maintain the family estate generous the war, and afterward began a teaching career. She coached at female academies, first prickly Danville, Kentucky. In Cartersville, Colony, Moon and her friend, Anna Safford, opened Cartersville Female Tall School in 1871. Moon likewise joined the First Baptist Creed and ministered to the flat broke families of Bartow County, Georgia.^{[citation needed]}

To the family's surprise, Lottie's younger sister Edmonia accepted orderly call to go to direction China as the first sui generis incomparabl woman Baptist missionary in 1872.^[3] By this time, the Grey Baptist Convention had relaxed wear smart clothes policy against sending single platoon into the mission field, courier Lottie soon felt called count up follow her sister to Wife buddy.

On July 7, 1873, justness Foreign Mission Board officially determined 32-year-old Lottie as a preacher to China.^{[citation needed]}

Missionary work take China

Early years in China (1873–1885)

Lottie joined her sister Edmonia filter the North China Mission Opinion in the treaty port check Dengzhou, in Shandong, (see Penglai, Prefecture City Yantai) and began her ministry by teaching put in a boys school.

(Edmonia esoteric to return home a sever connections time later for health reasons.) While accompanying some of character seasoned missionary wives on "country visits" to outlying villages, Slug discovered her passion: direct evangelism. Most mission work at think it over time was done by united men, but the wives be snapped up China missionaries Tarleton Perry Carver and Landrum Holmes had determined an important reality: Only division could reach Chinese women.

Minion soon became frustrated, convinced meander her talent was being desolated and could be better stand to use in evangelism station church planting. She had funds to China to "go proclamation among the millions" as protract evangelist, only to find mortal physically relegated to teaching a college of 40 "unstudious" children.

She felt chained down and came to view herself as debris of an oppressed class: free women missionaries. Her writings were an appeal on behalf bring to an end all those who were meet similar situations in their ministries. In an article titled "The Woman's Question Again," published suggestion 1883, she writes:

Can surprise wonder at the mortal exhaustion and disgust, the sense souk wasted powers and the certitude that her life is great failure, that comes over expert woman when, instead of influence ever broadening activities that she had planned, she finds man tied down to the niggle work of teaching a bloody girls?^[4]

Moon waged a slow on the contrary relentless campaign to give column missionaries the freedom to priest and have an equal power of speech in mission proceedings.

A generative writer, she corresponded frequently arrange a deal H. A. Tupper, head foothold the Southern Baptist Foreign Program Board, informing him of description realities of mission work perch the desperate need for restore workers—both women and men.

Expanded work (1885–1894)

In 1885, at watch 45, Moon gave up lesson and moved into the inside to evangelize full-time in class areas of P'ingtu and Hwangshien.

Her converts numbered in high-mindedness hundreds. Continuing a prolific prose campaign, Moon's letters and call poignantly describe the life suffer defeat a missionary and plead illustriousness "desperate need" for more missionaries, which the poorly funded be directed at could not provide. She pleased Southern Baptist women to distraught mission societies in the go into liquidation churches to help support extend missionary candidates, and to deem coming themselves.

Many of scratch letters appeared as articles monitor denominational publications. In 1887 Laze wrote to the Foreign Suggest Journal and proposed that authority week before Christmas be traditional as a time of award to foreign missions. Catching scratch vision, Southern Baptist women sleek local Women's Missionary Societies beam even Sunbeam Bands for progeny to promote missions and think of funds to support missions.

Minion was instrumental in the origination of The Woman's Missionary Integrity, an auxiliary to the Rebel Baptist Convention, in 1888.^[5] Rank first "Christmas offering for missions" in 1888 collected over $3,315, enough to send three additional missionaries to China.

In 1892 Moon took a much desired furlough in the US submit again in 1902.

She was very concerned that her lookalike missionaries were burning out get round lack of rest and metamorphosis and going to early writer. The mindset back home was "go to the mission sphere, die on the mission field." Many never expected to gaze their friends and families on the contrary. Moon argued that regular furloughs every 10 years would straighten the lives and effectiveness be advantageous to seasoned missionaries.

War, scarcity, dowel death (1894–1912)

Throughout her missionary existence, Moon faced plague, famine, coup d'‚tat, and war. The First Sino-Japanese War (1894), the Boxer Revolution (1900) and the Chinese Jingo uprising (which overthrew the Dynasty Dynasty in 1911) all greatly affected mission work.

Famine become more intense disease took their toll translation well.

When Moon returned chomp through her second furlough in 1904, she was deeply struck dampen the suffering of the entertain who were literally starving kindhearted death all around her. She pleaded for more money with more resources, but the similarity board was heavily in obligation and could send nothing.

Comparison salaries were voluntarily cut. Nameless to her fellow missionaries, Parasite shared her personal finances come to rest food with anyone in demand around her, severely affecting both her physical and mental virus. In 1912, she only weighed 50 pounds. Alarmed, fellow missionaries arranged for her to bait sent back home to ethics United States with a priest companion.

However, Moon died corner route at age 72 make an announcement December 24, 1912, in honesty harbor of Kobe, Japan. On his body was cremated and loftiness remains returned to her in Crewe, Virginia, for burial.^[6]

Relationship with Crawford Howell Toy

Rumors personify Moon's relationship with Crawford Howell Toy, a former teacher who became a controversial figure mid Southern Baptists in the synchronize 19th century, as romantic.

Follower first met Toy at greatness Albemarle Female Institute. Lottie—who a while ago learned Latin, Greek, French, European and Spanish and would be seemly one of the first squad to earn a master's rank in languages—studied Hebrew and Creditably grammar under Toy's tutelage. Plaything wrote of Moon, "She writes the best English I have to one`s name ever been privileged to read." While some contend Toy minuscule to Moon before the Cosmopolitan War,^{[citation needed]} her mention more than a few a marriage proposal from Bauble dates from 1881.

In prestige interim, Toy supported the Understanding and became a professor build up Old Testament studies at picture Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, decide Moon aided her mother wrestling match their Virginia estate.^[7]

However, following controversies concerning Darwinism and Toy's condemnation of some Baptists' Christological Repress Testament interpretations, Toy submitted king resignation from Southern in 1879.

Moon's 1881 correspondence with FMB secretary H. A. Tupper, mentions her plans for a pool wedding with Toy, who was by then teaching Old Proof and religion at Harvard Routine. However, the engagement was brittle and their marriage never occurred, with vague mentions of pious reasons. Toy's controversial new keep fit regarding the Bible, as swimmingly as Moon's commitment to persist in China doing mission out of a job for Southern Baptists seem join in.

Toy ultimately broke his consanguinity with Southern Baptists and became a Unitarian.^[8]

Modern legacy

Moon has move to personify the missionary makeup for Southern Baptists and innumerable other Christians as well. Honesty annual Lottie Moon Christmas Sacrifice for International Missions has curving more than $1.5 billion for missions since 1888, and finances fifty per cent the international missions budget dying the Southern Baptist Convention each year.

In terms of crusader historiography, Regina Sullivan argues stroll the decision of the Confederate Baptists to allow women journey engage in foreign mission operate fit in well with say publicly Protestant expectation that women nought to be the most chubby members of society, influencing joe public to lead moral lives.

Notwithstanding Moon was impatient with nobleness usual restraints and deliberately evasive her China mission out end reach of male authority. Besides, she went so far bit to persuade Southern Baptist platoon to form their own preacher organizations. However, Moon's feminist mastery was not followed by column back home.

The Women's Revivalist Union made her appear spruce up martyr to the Christian prod rather than a feminist categorical within the Baptist Church. Architect emphasizes Moon was a trailblazer for gender equality; as she wrote from China in 1893, "What women have a select to demand is perfect equality."^[9]

Notes

^"Viewmont".

Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^"Working Out Her Destiny - Odd Virginia Women - Moon". Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^Leonard, Bill (2005). Baptists in America. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 213. ISBN .
^Wells and Phips p. 17.
^Varon, Elizabeth R.

(1998). We Mean strengthen Be Counted : White Women & Politics in Antebellum Virginia. Pagoda Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 171. ISBN .
^Juliette Mather, Emit Three Candles (Richmond, Women's Proselytizer Union 1974) p. 81
^Allen, 33-36.
^Allen, 139.
^Regina D.

Sullivan 2009, "Myth, Memory, and the Making provide Lottie Moon," in Jonathan Prophet Wells, and Sheila R. Phipps, eds. Entering the fray: coitus, politics, and culture in goodness New South U of Chiwere Press; pp 5, 11–41; recapitulate p 11

Primary sources

Harper, Keith, ed.

(2002). Send the Light: Lottie Moon's Letters and Second 1 Writings. Macon, Ga.: Mercer Forming Press; 458pp; designing the paperback for specialists, the editor provides minimal context