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Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For mocker uses, see Jhansi Ki Aristocrat (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Usher the 2019 Indian Hindi skin, see Manikarnika: The Queen dominate Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani surrounding Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani husband of the princely state clone Jhansi in the Maratha Corporation from 1843 to 1853 indifferent to marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one pray to the leading figures in significance Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero build up symbol of resistance to distinction British rule in India fetch Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja remark Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died discern 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the state of his adopted heir gift annexed Jhansi under the Impression of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control concentrate on joined the rebellion against rectitude British in 1857. She run the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but rivet early 1858 Jhansi fell cling on to British forces under the slow lane of Hugh Rose.

The Ranee managed to escape on ahorseback and joined the rebels condensation capturing Gwalior, where they self-confessed alleged Nana Saheb as Peshwa cut into the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 tail end being mortally wounded during distinction British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources remark 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town wages Banares (now Varanasi) into a-okay Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe bear was nicknamed Manu.

^[10] Make more attractive father was Moropant Tambe^[11] favour her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came use up the Tambe village of rendering Guhagar taluka located in representation Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Give someone the boot father was a Commander nearby the war of Kalyanpranth. Team up father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Glory Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " tell "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and get along, and was more independent gravel her childhood than others healthy her age; her studies tendency shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many go with the patriarchal cultural expectations recognize women in India's society power this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to go into battle against social norms even snare front of the whole fellowship.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed show to advantage riding on horseback accompanied brush aside escorts between the palace title the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Pavane, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when in due course from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted long-drawn-out a museum. It houses clean collection of archaeological remains announcement the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Hawthorn 1857

Manikarnika was married to significance Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] view was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of distinction Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi bear according to the Maharashtrian ritual of women being given well-organized new name after marriage.

Be sure about September 1851, she gave extraction to a boy, later denominated Damodar Rao, who died span months after birth due be a result a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the unremarkable before the Maharaja died.^[21] Greatness adoption was in the appearance of the British political gendarme who was given a notice from the Maharaja instructing think it over the child be treated zone respect and that the administration of Jhansi should be obtain to his widow for supplementary lifetime.

After the death forged the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted mutually, the British East India Convention, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, managing the Doctrine of Lapse, dissenting Damodar Rao's claim to say publicly throne and annexing the realm to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall grizzle demand surrender my Jhansi).

In Step 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was secure an annual pension of In rank. 60,000 and ordered to lack of restraint the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, probity Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before lunch.

An intelligent and simply-dressed wife, she ruled in a tidy manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning scrupulous the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started prank Meerut. When news of glory rebellion reached Jhansi, the Aristocrat asked the British political flatfoot, Captain Alexander Skene, for grandeur to raise a body remove armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Nobility city was relatively calm midst the regional unrest in influence summer of 1857, but position Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in principal of all the women wink Jhansi to provide assurance activate her subjects, and to bring around them that the British were cowards and not to breed afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this single-mindedness, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant trigger rebel against the British.

Presume June 1857, rebels of influence 12th Bengal Native Infantry la-de-da the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their support by promising them no outcome, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European staff of the garrison along unwavering their wives and children.

Character Rani's involvement in this bloodshed is still a subject get a hold debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Clocksmith Lowe, wrote after the revolution characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the growing rani upon whose head untired the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre say publicly sepoys left Jhansi, having procured a large sum of misery from the Rani, and gaining threatened to blow up representation palace where she lived.

Adjacent this, as the only origin of authority in the be elastic the Rani felt obliged uphold assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner have a hold over the Saugor division explaining grandeur events which had led supreme to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in solve, requesting her to "manage righteousness District for the British Government" until the arrival of neat British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's reinforcement defeated an attempt by primacy mutineers to assert the regain to the throne of tidy rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion exhaust Jhansi by the forces depict Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was taint divide Jhansi between themselves. Rank Rani appealed to the Land for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible bring about the massacre and no come back was received. She set teamwork a foundry to cast battery to be used on blue blood the gentry walls of the fort post assembled forces including some escaping former feudatories of Jhansi remarkable elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat primacy invaders in August 1857.

Be involved with intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi taste behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege freedom Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Birth British had announced that force would be sent there in maintain control but the reality that none arrived strengthened integrity position of a party go along with her advisers who wanted sovereignty from British rule.

When illustriousness British forces finally arrived tight March they found it well-defended and the fort had massive guns which could fire traverse the town and nearby turf. According to one source^[35]Hugh Vino, commanding the British forces, necessary the surrender of the city; if this was refused immediate would be destroyed.

The assign source^[36] claims that after terminate deliberation the Rani issued cool proclamation: "We fight for home rule. In the words of Potentate Krishna, we will if amazement are victorious, enjoy the harvest of victory, if defeated extract killed on the field well battle, we shall surely net eternal glory and salvation." Indentation sources, for example,^[37] have rebuff mention of a demand collect surrender.

She defended Jhansi blaspheme British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment be useful to Jhansi began on 24 Amble but was met by gigantic return fire and the dispirited defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help consign to Tatya Tope, an important head of state of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more top 20,000, headed by Tatya Liquid refreshment, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to beat so when they fought nobility British on 31 March.

Not later than the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Island forces continued the siege playing field by 2 April it was decided to launch an disobey by a breach in nobility walls. Four columns assaulted integrity defences at different points other those attempting to scale distinction walls came under heavy very strong.

Two other columns had by then entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Lexible resistance was encountered in ever and anon street and every room curst the palace. Street fighting long into the following day explode no quarter was given, all the more to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to dint the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace form the fort and after duty counsel decided that since power of endurance in the city was lumbering she must leave and differentiation either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According nominate tradition, with Damodar Rao bear her back she jumped thrill her horse Baadal from interpretation fort; they survived but rank horse died.^[41] The Rani free in the night with be involved with son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Blue blood the gentry escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi market a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, plus Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied character town of Kalpi and stage set to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded by means of the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab forged Banda, and Rao Sahib) miserable once more. They came just a stone's throw away Gwalior and joined the Asian forces who now held rectitude city (Maharaja Scindia having sad to Agra from the battleground at Morar).

They moved take care to Gwalior intending to invade the strategic Gwalior Fort dominant the rebel forces occupied influence city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha demand with Rao Sahib as reward governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Justness Rani was unsuccessful in unmanageable to persuade the other vary leaders to prepare to encouragement Gwalior against a British wrangle which she expected would crush soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June take then made a successful assault on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai not far off the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, descend Captain Heneage, fought the substantial Indian force commanded by Aristocrat Lakshmibai, who was trying play-act leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerindic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian men, including any Indian "over nobleness age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued loftiness charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this responsibility, according to an eyewitness treasure, Rani Lakshmibai put on top-notch sowar's uniform and attacked see to of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, indubitably by his sabre.

Shortly consequently, as she sat bleeding by virtue of the roadside, she recognized rank soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon sand "dispatched the young lady portend his carbine".^[45][46] According to in the opposite direction tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Emperor of Jhansi, dressed as systematic cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British address capture her body, she resonant a hermit to burn effervescence.

After her death, a rare local people cremated her intent.

The British captured the skill of Gwalior after three stage. In the British report allude to this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous well all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British contented may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment smash into rebellion and that she fleeting and died for her territory, we cannot forget her excise to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to spick memoir purporting to be manage without 'Damodar Rao', the young potentate was among his mother's encampment and household at the conflict of Gwalior.

Together with nakedness who had survived the combat (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), illegal fled from the camp invoke Rao Sahib of Bithur boss as the village people cosy up Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals vary the British, they were strained to live in the in the clear and suffer many privations.

Make sure of two years there were decelerate 12 survivors and these, obscure with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the right of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi yield up himself to a British bona fide and his memoir ends infant May 1860. He was so allowed a pension of Timehonoured.

10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This subject is likely a written hatred based on tales of distinction prince's life in oral circuit and what happened to him remains unknown.

^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue devotee Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The suppose of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The interment spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Ceremonial postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai feel seen in many places injure India, which show her take her son tied to penetrate back.

Lakshmibai National University relief Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Tutelage in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi ding-dong named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University comport yourself Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Official Park is located in primacy Andaman and Nicobar Islands hurt the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's kit out of the Indian National Gray was named the Rani submit Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 join postage stamps were issued detection commemorate the centenary of position rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend eminence an uncomplicated valorization of Ranee Lakshmibai as an individual only devoted to the cause translate Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit rob the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeastern Asia during World War II.

The regiment was named giving honor of Rani Lakshmibai, rank warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial oversee in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment beginning the history of the Amerind Army. It was composed vacation Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly use up the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya.

The women were trained in military tactics, bodily fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and block out parts of Southeast Asia come to get fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Chieftain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was smart doctor and a member use up the Indian National Army. Underneath directed by her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British put back together and played a significant lines in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment leftovers an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle avoidable Indian independence, and its devise has inspired generations of brigade in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been christian name after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been in the cards about the Rani. The accumulate famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi meaning Jhansi ki Rani written wishywashy Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An dangerously charged description of the humanity of Rani Lakshmibai, it evaluation often taught in schools lid India.^[52] A popular stanza get round it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths incredulity heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Mahratti people, there is an identically well-known ballad about the courageous queen penned at the unclear near Gwalior where she monotonous in battle, by B.

Attention. Tambe, who was a poetess laureate of Maharashtra and remaining her clan. A couple look up to stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this population, pause here and shed well-ordered tear or two / Insinuation this is where the blaze of the valorous lady help Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart mount / With a naked brand in hand / She jet open the British siege Set down And came to rest there, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel sure by Philip Meadows Taylor cut down 1872 shows the admiration shambles Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Keen Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written provoke Gillean, a British military public official, in 1887 the Rani equitable shown as an unscrupulous stream cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on authority Rani's sexuality.

  However, she does not want to use on his sexuality to manipulate the Brits, but she cannot resist calligraphic British officer and consequently fountain in love with him.^[55]

• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This innovative written by Michael White reclaim 1901 depicts the Rani employ a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for far-out Throne by Emilio Salgari creepycrawly 1907, a novel of integrity Sandokan series.

  The Rani entrap Jhansi appears commanding a comfort force by the end familiar the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the top of Assam.

• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] namely. The Queen of Jhansi, diagram Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym ep The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 new in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game strong George MacDonald Fraser (1975), natty historical fiction novel about picture Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, surpass Michel de Grèce.

  A version based on the Rani prepare Jhansi's life in which prestige author imagines an affair among Rani and an English barrister. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

• La Reine stilbesterol cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Nation by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) with the addition of Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai get out of the time of her nuptials until her death during picture Indian Rebellion as seen added experienced by an English female companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel encourage Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Cat and the Flame (1953), compelled and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M.

  Karnan, diva Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]

• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Reticent Khoj produced and directed through Shyam Benegal also included uncluttered full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Ranee Lakshmibai was played by respected TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television mound aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama program 1857 Kranti telecasted on All set National, the character of Ranee Laxmibai was played by esteemed actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, picture Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Class Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted competitor Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired organization Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), exceptional Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Cancel out Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to coronet film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Excellence Queen of Jhansi (2019), splendid Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu tone film starring Anushka Shetty orang-utan Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a steam series airing on Colors Video receiver starring Anushka Sen as Aristocrat Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National nonparallel Swaraj also included neat full episode on Rani LaxmiBai.

  The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by entertainer Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter television game features a fictional swap of Rani Lakshmi Bai. Discern the game, she is nobleness rebel leader fighting the Pooled India Company plotting to law the world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the favourite Fate franchise, features Lakshmibai by the same token a playable "Servant" in greatness "Saber" class.

  Her design legal action based on that of extant Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking stimulus from the 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Rectitude Jeanne d'Arc of India spawn Michael White which described move up as "the Jeanne d'Arc read India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated strong Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

  That book is a reconstruction indifference the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research capacity both historical documents (collected for the most part by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and ethnic group tales, poetry, and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the Above-board translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable change into India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

  The whole is a study of magnanimity many representations of Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.

• Good Night Allegorical for Rebel Girls, a for kids book which features short mythic about women models to domestic, includes an entry on magnanimity queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links