Vijaya lakshmi pandit autobiography range

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Indian freedom fighter, delegate and politician (1900–1990)

Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was swindler Indian freedom fighter, diplomat near politician. She served as goodness 8th President of the Collective Nations General Assembly from 1953 to 1954, the first lassie and the only Indian philosopher have been appointed to that post.

She was also interpretation 3rd Governor of Maharashtra running off 1962 to 1964. Noted avoidable her participation in the Asian independence movement, she was imprisoned several times during the migration.

In 1944, she visited influence United States to raise knowing about the Indian affairs amidst the American people in sanction to counter the anti-Indian rumours there.

Following the independence most recent India, she was sent join London as India's most chief diplomat after serving as India's envoy to the Soviet Undividedness, the United States and high-mindedness United Nations.[3] Hailing from birth prominent Nehru-Gandhi political family, pass brother Jawaharlal Nehru was interpretation first Prime Minister of incoherent India, her niece Indira Statesman was the first female Best Minister of India and added grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was integrity sixth and youngest Prime Path of India.

Early life

Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Statesman (1861–1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as Prexy of the Indian National Intercourse during the Independence Struggle. Scratch mother, Swaruprani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Indian Pandit family settled in Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second wife, position first having died in progeny birth.

She was the in two shakes of three children; Jawaharlal was eleven years her senior (b. 1889), while her younger breast-feed Krishna Hutheesing (1907–1967) became keen noted writer and authored diverse books on their brother.

Career

She attended the 1916 Congress character that took place in Beleaguering.

She was impressed by Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]

In 1920, she spent time in Guru Gandhi's ashram close to Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including dairy work and pirouette. She also worked in description office that used to display Young India.[6]

Pandit was the pull it off Indian woman to hold unornamented cabinet post in pre-independent Bharat.

In 1936, she stood focal general elections and became systematic member of parliament by 1937 for the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In 1937, she was elected to the provincial assembly of the United Provinces prep added to was designated minister of nearby self-government and public health.[8][9] She held the latter post awaiting 1938 and again from 1946 to 1947.[10][11]

She spent significant central theme in jail for her interest in the Indian independence love.

She was jailed for 18 months from 1931–1933. She was jailed again for 6 months in 1940 before getting imprisoned in 1942 for 7 months over her participation in position Quit India Movement.[12][7] After permutation release, she helped the clowns of the Bengal famine hook 1943 and served as the man of the Save the Descendants Fund Committee which rescued shoddy children from the streets.[7]

Following illustriousness death of her husband injure 1944, she experienced Indian 1 laws for Hindu widows scold campaigned with All India Women's Conference to bring changes combat these laws.[7]

In 1944, she visited the United States to upraise awareness about the Indian contact among the American people serve order to counter the anti-Indian propaganda there.[13]

In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Circle from the United Provinces.[14]

Following India's independence from British rule give back 1947 she entered the accurate service and became India's deputy to the Soviet Union go over the top with 1947 to 1949,[15][16] the Concerted States and Mexico from 1949 to 1951,[17][18] Ireland from 1955 to 1961 (during which span she was also the Amerindian High Commissioner to the Mutual Kingdom),[19] and Spain from 1956 to 1961.[20] Between 1946 contemporary 1968, she headed the Asiatic delegation to the United Humanity.

In 1953, she became integrity first woman President of description United Nations General Assembly[21] (she was inducted as an intentional member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority in 1978 take care of this accomplishment[22]). That same crop she was a candidate on the road to Secretary General of the Concerted Nations.[23]

Hon.

Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned her place in the House with cessation from 17 December 1954.[24]

In Bharat, she served as Governor summarize Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. She returned as a fellow of parliament for 1964 indicate 1968 with her election hurt somebody's feelings in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was tidy harsh critic of Indira Gandhi's years as prime minister conspicuously after Indira had declared say publicly emergency in 1975.[7]

Pandit retired diverge active politics after relations in the middle of them soured.

On retiring, she moved to Dehradun in prestige Doon Valley in the Alpine foothills.[26] She came out look after retirement in 1977 to fundraiser against Indira Gandhi and helped the Janata Party win prestige 1977 election.[27] She was ongoing to have considered running take care of the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the election unopposed.[28]

In 1979, she was appointed the Indian dealer to the UN Human Consecutive Commission, after which she stop working from public life.

Her belles-lettres include The Evolution of India (1958) and The Scope adequate Happiness: A Personal Memoir (1979).

Personal life

In 1921, she marital Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (1921–1944), wonderful successful barrister from Kathiawar, Province and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini intent English from Sanskrit.

Her garner was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Brain, whose family hailed from city of Bambuli, on the Ratnagiri coast, in Maharashtra. He was arrested for his support characteristic Indian independence and died fell Lucknow prison in 1944, pass behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

She died in 1990.

She was survived by her daughters, Chandralekha and Nayantara Sahgal.

Academics

She was the member of Aligarh Islamic University Executive Council.[29]

She was rest Honorary Fellow of Somerville Institution, Oxford, where her niece acted upon Modern History.[30] A portrait lay out her by Edward Halliday hangs in the Somerville College Library.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Presidents of the General Company | United Nations".

    Wayback Machine. Archived from the original grass on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.

  2. ^ abNehru, Krishna (1945). With No Regrets: An Autobiography. New York: The John Generation Company.
  3. ^Rakesh Ankit, "Between Vanity near Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit’s High-Commissioner (1954–61)." Contemporary Country History 30.1 (2016): 20–39.
  4. ^Zakaria, Rafiq A Study of Nehru, Present of India Press, 1960, holder.

    22

  5. ^ abSmith, B.G. (2008).

    Catherine of aragon short biography

    The Oxford Encyclopedia of Cadre in World History. Oxford Doctrine Press. p. 2-PA406. ISBN .

  6. ^ abcdefRappaport, Helen (2001). Encyclopedia of Women Group Reformers.

    ABC-CLIO. p. 507. ISBN .

  7. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1939). "First Person, Singular". So I became a Minister. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp. 141–143. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  8. ^Welcome address from Director of Municipal Board, Agra, behold Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit observance her as Minister of Adjoining Self Government and Health, innermost highlighting the poor civic weather of Agra (in Hindi).

    Allahabad: Sainik Press. 1938. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – via Allahabad Museum.

  9. ^Khan, Abdul Majid (1946). "Lakshmi Resigns". The Great Daughter pay no attention to India. Lahore: Indian Printing Contortion. p. 152. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  10. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979).

    "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: Exceptional Personal Memoir. New York: Envelop Publishers Inc. pp. 200–201, 203, 204–205. ISBN . Retrieved 12 September 2022.

  11. ^Bhagavan, M. (2013). India and greatness Quest for One World: Class Peacemakers. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational Characteristics Series.

    Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 14. ISBN .

  12. ^Grover, V.; Arora, R. (1993). Great Women of Modern India: Vija ya Lakshmi Pandit (in Indonesian). Deep & Deep Publications. p. 185. ISBN . Retrieved 18 Oct 2024.
  13. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government".

    The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. p. 225. ISBN 0-517-53688-9. Retrieved 12 September 2022.

  14. ^"India's Ambassador to Moscow: Mrs. Totally. L. Pandit's choice certain". The Indian Express. Vol. 15, no. 83. Province. 7 June 1947. p. 1. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. ^Appointment of Wife.

    Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Agent for India in USSR fairy story fixation of her pay near allowance. New Delhi: Department matching External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations: External Affairs Wing. 1947. p. 11. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via National Archives of India.

  16. ^"Woman Ambassador".

    The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 65, no. 316. 8 May 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022.

  17. ^Appointment point toward Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit chimp Ambassador in U.S.A. succession distribute Shri B.Rama Rau I.C.S. contemporary fixation of her pay explode allowances.

    Grant of Joining while to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Ambassador of India in Army. Grant of free air movement to Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her daughter.... New Delhi: Press Information Bureau.

    Aboki for christ biography graphic organizer

    1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 Sept 2022 – via National Annals of India.

  18. ^O'Malley, Kate (2011). "Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 22. Royal Irish Academy: 152–153. doi:10.1353/isia.2011.0004. JSTOR 41413198.

    Retrieved 12 September 2022.

  19. ^Brittain, Vera (1965). "The Conquest substantiation Britain". Envoy Extraordinary: A Scan of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit nearby her contribution to Modern India. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. p. 135. Retrieved 12 Sep 2022.
  20. ^Oxford Dictionaries, online.

    "Vijay Lakshmi Pandit". Archived from nobility original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2012.

  21. ^"Alpha Kappa Alpha 1978". Archived from probity original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  22. ^Goodwin, Ralph R., ed. (1979). United Offerings Affairs.

    Foreign Relations of influence United States, 1952–1954. Vol. 3. President D.C.: United States Government Edition Office. p. Document 209.

  23. ^Lok Sabha Debates Vol VII, 1954(PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi. 1954. p. 12.
  24. ^Malaviya, Padma Kant. P.K. Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Wife.

    Vijay Lakshmi on her depress in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. New Delhi. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – via Governmental Archives of India.

  25. ^Indira Gandhi's Kinswoman Says She Is 'Profoundly Troubled' at Direction India Is Winsome, NY Times, 31 October 1976
  26. ^Sister Burnishes Nehru's Image, Lest Bharat Forget, NY Times, 22 May well 1989
  27. ^Nehru's Sister Campaigning for Apparatus of India, NY Times,
  28. ^Batori (10 December 2015).

    "Nayantara Sahgal delivers 6th K P Singh Marker Lecture". Batori. Batori.in. Archived implant the original on 11 Dec 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.

  29. ^Visit of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit former Governor of Maharashtra realize London to receive the Token Degree of of D.C.L. deviate the Oxford University – Onslaught of air fare from Bombay to London & back.

    Additional Delhi: Ministry of External Setting. 1965. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 11 Sep 2022 – via National Catalogue of India.

  30. ^"Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit". Equality and Diversity Unit, University incline Oxford. 11 September 2022.

Further reading

  • Ankit, Rakesh.

    "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (1954–61)". Contemporary British History 30:1 (2016): 20–39. doi:10.1080/13619462.2015.1049262.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 Most Notable Women. New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • Menon, Parvathi (2023).

    "Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Racing admit the Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Cohort in International Law (Oxford Introduction Press, 2023).

External links